Up to 1 in 5 children may develop what healthcare providers classify as anxiety disorders. These disorders differ from typical fear or anxiety, as they involve more intense avoidance, stronger emotional responses, or persist for longer than expected. Children experiencing anxiety disorders often display emotional outbursts like crying or tantrums, and may exhibit significant avoidance behaviors. They might try to escape situations, hide, or be overly cautious, constantly "on alert" for potential threats. Additionally, children may experience physical symptoms, such as stomachaches, headaches, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, or sleep disturbances. 

How Common is Anxiety in Children? 

Anxiety disorders are relatively common in children, affecting approximately 10% of kids and adolescents. Nearly 1 in 3 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 are affected by anxiety. It is also more prevalent in girls. 

Signs and Symptoms of Anxiety in Children 

Some children may be able to express their anxiety with words. For instance, they might say something like, “I’m scared to go to school because I’m afraid I’ll never see you again.” However, not all children are able to articulate their feelings, but they still show signs of anxiety through their behavior. These may include: 

• Worrying or crying more than peers their age 
• Complaining about physical symptoms like stomachaches, muscle aches, or headaches 
• Having trouble sleeping, experiencing nightmares, or refusing to sleep alone 
• Finding it difficult to relax or sit still (restlessness) 
• Becoming easily angered 
• Struggling with concentration 
• Irregular eating habits, such as not feeling hungry or feeling hungry all the time 
• Shaking or trembling 
• Refusing to go to school 
• Frequently needing to use the bathroom 

What Causes Anxiety in Children? 

Certain children are naturally more sensitive and may find it challenging to cope with changes or intense emotions. These children might have a biological or genetic predisposition to anxiety. Anxiety can also develop in response to stressful life events. Some children may experience frequent stress from a young age, such as: 

• A family history of anxiety or other mental health struggles 
• The death of a loved one 
• Moving to a new home or school, particularly if the moves are frequent 
• Difficulty accessing enough food 
• Challenges in securing stable housing 
• Disruptions in schooling 
• Parental conflicts, separation, or divorce 
• Experiences of bullying, abuse, or neglect 

Complications of Anxiety in Children 

Children with anxiety disorders are at a higher risk for developing depression or substance use disorders later in life. They may struggle academically or find it difficult to attend school regularly. Additionally, they face an increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors. 

How is Anxiety in Children Diagnosed? 

A mental health professional diagnoses childhood anxiety through discussions with both you and your child. She will inquire about your child’s behavior and ask how you notice signs of anxiety. Your child will be asked to share any symptoms she has experienced and when they tend to occur. The mental health professional may ask you to fill out surveys and may also reach out to your child’s teacher or other caregivers to gather more information about your child’s symptoms.